There is no side effect in the standardized use of ethephon

Recently, the relevant media reported that mangoes on the market were ripened with the plant growth regulator ethephon, which had a negative impact on the safety of agricultural products, causing people's concern and concern. Recently, Yi Ganjun, the vice president, doctoral supervisor and researcher of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, gave a detailed answer to the question of ethephon:Reporter: Why should ethylene be used to ripen fruit?Yi Ganjun: During the natural ripening process of fruits (especially bananas, mangoes, papayas, etc.), a large amount of ethylene will be released, and the ethylene released further accelerates the ripening of fruits.People put mature bananas or apples and raw bananas together, and then wrap them with film. The principle is to start the ethylene production inside the banana fruit by releasing ethylene from the mature fruit, so as to accelerate the ripening of bananas. The folk use of stick incense to ripen bananas is also the principle of using stick incense combustion to produce ethylene gas.According to pesticide website, the artificial use of ethylene to ripen bananas and other fruits is to use it to slowly release ethylene to achieve the purpose of ripening.Reporter: Does ethylene have side effects on human body?Yi Ganjun: Ethylene is a natural plant hormone that widely exists in plants. A large amount of ethylene will be produced during the natural ripening process of fruit, so ethylene has no side effects on human body.Reporter: What is the principle of ethephon ripening fruit? Yi Ganjun: ethephon reacts with water or hydroxy-containing compounds to release ethylene. The plant contains a glycoprotein called ethylene receptor. After the ethylene is combined with the ethylene receptor as a catalyst, it will further metabolize and play a physiological role, such as accelerating the respiration of fruit, promoting the conversion of organic acids and starch into soluble sugar in the fruit, and so on, so as to promote ripening and coloring, Therefore, ethylene ripening process is a complex plant physiological and biochemical reaction process.Reporter: Is it scientific to ripen fruits with ethylene or ethephon?Yi Ganjun: ripening is an indispensable link in the fruit industry chain, and also a common practice at home and abroad for many years. As long as the fruit is ripened with ethylene or ethephon according to the standard operation, it will not cause any harm to human body. The residue of ethephon in the fruit should not exceed 2mg/Kg. Therefore, when using ethephon to ripen the fruit, it should be operated according to the relevant specifications and should not be soaked for too long. Use the method of introducing ethylene gas into the ripening silo to ripen. (China Pesticide Network)

How to reduce pesticide residues due to large demand for pesticides in China

At present, China's pesticide demand ranks first in the world. However, only 35% and 65% of the pesticides used are discharged into the environment as pollutants, and all the pollutants are finally returned to the soil. In the long run, the land and environment cannot be carried, and the "9 consecutive increases" have a price.According to the dynamic update data of pollution source census, the chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China reached 11.84 million tons and 650000 tons respectively in 2010, accounting for 45% and 25% of the total emissions of the country, and 95% and 79% of the emissions of agricultural sources respectively. The pollution of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding has become the main agricultural pollution source.In terms of species, the detection rate of pesticide residues in beans, green leaves and solanaceous vegetables is high.According to the statistics of the monitoring center of agricultural products, the qualified rate of pesticide residues from low to high is beans, eggplants, Chinese cabbage, green leafy vegetables, potato root vegetables, onions and garlic, melons and edible fungi. He Jiguo, director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of China Agricultural University, told reporters that green leafy vegetables have a lot of pesticide residues because their leaves are soft, watery and insects like to eat, so they spray a lot of pesticides. In addition, aromatic vegetable farmers have low residue. Artemisia annua, garland chrysanthemum, coriander and so on have a strong pungent flavor and are natural insect repellents.Seasonally, pesticide residues are low in winter and high in spring, summer and autumn.A pesticide residue expert from the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry told the Life Times that because the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is relatively large in winter, the air circulation is not very good, and is not suitable for pest breeding, so pesticides are used less and pesticide residues are low. The Ministry of Agriculture detected a total of 496 vegetable samples in Beijing, and found that May and November were the periods of high detection frequency of pesticide residues. According to the test results in Hangzhou, the annual high pesticide residue of vegetables in Hangzhou is in April and October.In terms of the types of agricultural residues, there are many pesticides in cowpeas and leeks.Because they love worms, they are often sprayed with thicker pesticides, some of which are more toxic and easy to remain; There are many fungicides for cucumbers and tomatoes. Because of the high humidity of their growing environment, they are easy to get sick, especially when they are used more. Compared with pesticides, fungicides do less harm to human body.In terms of planting location, there are few agricultural residues of vegetables and fruits in the greenhouse.Because physical methods such as anti-virus nets can be used to control pests in the greenhouse, less pesticides are used. Compared with greenhouse vegetables, open-field vegetables seem to be very natural, but they actually use more pesticides than greenhouse vegetables.What are the good ways to reduce agricultural residues?First, soak the vegetables bought for 5 minutes and then wash them, or soak them with rice washing water to neutralize the pesticide toxicity;Second, wash vegetables with 5% salt water;Third, vegetables and fruits that are heavily used with pesticides, such as cucumber and eggplant, should be peeled before eating;Fourth, high temperature heating will also decompose pesticides. Some heat-resistant vegetables, such as cauliflower, beans and celery, can be washed and boiled for a few minutes, which can reduce the amount of pesticides by 30%. After being cooked at high temperature, 90% of pesticides can be removed;Fifth, sunlight can decompose and destroy some pesticides in vegetables. It is determined that the residues of organochlorine, organomercury and other pesticides can be reduced by about 60% when vegetables are exposed to sunlight for 5 minutes.(Food Partner Network)

Water-soluble fertilizer and water-fertilizer integration

In 2011, the issue of farmland water conservancy was raised to the height of "No. 1 Document", marking the urgency of solving the problem of water scarcity. With the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, broadening the efficient and water-saving agricultural path has become a major issue of agricultural production. This has led to fundamental changes in the structure of fertilizer demand and the development of new agricultural technologies.Water-soluble fertilizer, which has the nutrients needed for crop growth, can be rapidly dissolved in water, and is more easily absorbed by crops, is becoming the fertilizer choice of farmersThe scope of use has also gradually shifted from cash crops to field crops. Because water-soluble fertilizer has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving and yield increasing, it fully meets the requirements of water-saving agriculture "water and fertilizer integration" for fertilizer, so the development prospect is very broad. It is understood that at present, China's water-soluble fertilizer is in a critical period of transformation from auxiliary fertilizer to main fertilizer."Water and fertilizer integration" technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. It is to dissolve solid quick-acting fertilizer in water and fertilize it with water. Generally, the fertilizer is dissolved and mixed in the pool in the field, and the water is used as the carrier to complete the fertilization at the same time of irrigation. The advantage of this technology is that the fertilizer efficiency of irrigation and fertilization is fast, and the nutrient utilization rate is improved, which can avoid the problems of volatilization loss, slow dissolution and slow final fertilizer efficiency caused by fertilizer application in the dry topsoil layer; In particular, the problem of volatilization loss of ammonium and urea nitrogen fertilizer on the surface is avoided, which not only saves nitrogen fertilizer but also is beneficial to environmental protection, and has a significant effect on water saving.Compared with conventional fertilization, the irrigation and fertilization system can save 50% to 70% of fertilizer and achieve the goal of good crop yield and quality in production. The advantages of this technology are that the fertilizer efficiency of irrigation and fertilization is fast, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the balanced fertilization and centralized fertilization are realized, the volatilization and loss of fertilizer are reduced, and the loss caused by nutrient excess is reduced. It has the advantages of simple fertilization, timely fertilizer supply, easy absorption of crops, and improved fertilizer utilization rate. Water-soluble fertilizer has the characteristics of saving water, fertilizer, labor and yield.

Methods of preventing wheat lodging in spring

"Lodging" is one of the main obstacles affecting wheat yield under high fertilizer and water conditions. In recent years, the popularization and application of plant growth regulators in wheat production has opened up a new way to prevent lodging and promote yield increase, and is an important supporting technical measure for high and stable yield of wheat.1. Spraying paclobutrazol at the starting stage of wheat, spraying 30kg of 200ppm paclobutrazol solution per mu can make the plant dwarf, enhance the ability of lodging resistance, and can also control wheat powdery mildew and improve the plant's nitrogen absorption and utilization rate.2. The application of Uniconazole Uniconazole (code S-3307, commercial 5% wettable powder) is a new and efficient plant growth regulator, its biological activity is 6-10 times higher than that of paclobutrazol. Applying it on wheat can prevent plant lodging under high density, high fertilizer and water conditions, and can reduce sterile spikelets and increase 1000-grain weight; According to the test, the wheat with uniconazole increased by 15.4% on average compared with the control under the condition of no wind and no lodging. Application method: within one week before wheat jointing, spray 50 kg of 30-40 ppm uniconazole solution per mu.3. For the wheat field with large population and vigorous growth, spraying 0.15 ～ 0.3% chlormequat solution 50 ～ 75 kg per mu at the early stage of jointing can effectively inhibit the elongation of internodes, make the plant dwarf and the stem base rough and hard, thus preventing lodging; If mixed with 2,4-D butyl ester, it can also control broadleaf weeds in wheat field.4. At the jointing stage of wheat, the application of chloroquine 15~20 ml per mu and 50~60 kg of water on the leaf surface can inhibit the elongation of internodes, prevent late lodging, and increase yield by 10~20%.

Chemical control technology for spring wheat production

In spring, if we can control wheat growth and prevent lodging, we can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of wheat and improve its seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. Spraying plant growth regulation can solve this problem, and it is a very effective measure to increase production.Spraying paclobutrazol and paclobutrazol is a kind of plant growth retarding agent, which can inhibit wheat legging, dwarf plant shape, increase tillering and prevent lodging, thus improving wheat yield. The application method is: before the wheat gets up and jointing, use 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder spray with a concentration of 150ppm per mu.Spraying chlormequat can synthesize the length of 1-2 nodes at the base of wheat, prevent lodging, increase chlorophyll content, increase tillering, promote spike differentiation, and increase 1000-grain weight. The application method is: before the jointing of wheat, evenly spray 25~40ml of 50% chlormequat aqueous solution per mu, 30~40kg of water, and evenly spray it.Spraying the hormone before jointing of wheat can shorten and thicken the 1~3 nodes at the base of wheat stem, control the exuberance and prevent lodging. In the flowering stage of wheat, it can improve the seed setting rate and filling speed, promote the big spike and full grain, and also advance the mature stage by 2-3 days. The application method is: before the jointing of wheat, 15~20ml of Zhuzhuang Su is applied per mu, and 40kg of water is spray; In the flowering stage of wheat, use 8-12ml of Zhuzhuang Su and 150g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to spray 40-50kg of water per mu.

Application of chlormequat in vegetable production

Also known as "CCC", the commercially available dosage form is 50% chlormequat water, which is an antagonist of gibberellin. It can enter the plant body through leaves, young shoots, buds, roots and seeds, inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellin in the plant body, control plant growth, promote reproductive growth, shorten plant internodes, grow strong, develop roots, resist lodging, deepen leaf color, thicken leaves, increase chlorophyllin content, enhance photosynthesis, improve crop resistance, improve quality and increase yield.Application of chlormequat in vegetable production:1、 Tomatoes are generally sprayed with 50% of the total chlormequat solution diluted with 2000-2500 times of water to 200-250mg/kg of chlormequat solution from 3-4 leaves to 1 week before planting. If the seedling is small and the overgrowth degree is slight, use a spray to evenly spray, so that the surface of the leaves and stems of the seedling is completely and evenly covered with fine droplets without flowing; When the seedlings are large and the degree of overgrowth is heavy, they can be sprayed or watered with a watering can, using 1kG diluent per square meter. Pay attention to the uniform application of drugs to prevent excessive local areas from causing drug damage.2、 For pepper plants with the trend of leggy growth, they can be sprayed with chlormequat at the concentration of 20-25mg/kg at the initial flowering stage to inhibit the growth of stems and leaves, make the plants dwarf and strong, and the leaves are dark green, and enhance the ability of cold and drought resistance. Spray with 100-125mg/kg chlormequat solution at flowering stage can promote early maturity and increase production of strong seedlings.3、 The application of 100-125mg/kg chlormequat solution spray at the flowering stage of eggplant can promote early maturity and increase production.4、 Summer Lettuce Summer Lettuce Spraying 500 mg/kg of chlormequat solution once or twice at seedling stage can effectively prevent the seedlings from growing; Spraying chlormequat at the beginning of the rosette stage can also prevent overgrowth and promote the expansion of young stems. The application method is 7-10 days once, a total of 2-3 times, and the application concentration is 350mg/kg. Preparation method: 10 mL/bottle of 50% aqueous solution is sold on the market. Each bottle is 500 mg/kg for 10 kg of water, and 350 mg/kg for 15 kg of water.5、 The potato was sprayed with 40% chlormequat twice at the bud stage and early flowering stage. The concentration of 0.2% can significantly increase the number of large potatoes, shorten the plant, improve the commercial quality, and increase the yield and value.6、 Other vegetables used for carrots, Chinese cabbage and celery can inhibit bolting and can be sprayed before bolting with a concentration of 4000-8000mg/kg. The use effect of chlormequat is related to the temperature. 18-25 ℃ is the applicable temperature of the drug, so it is advisable to apply the drug early, late or in overcast days. After the application, ventilation is prohibited. The cooling bed needs to be covered with window frames, and the plastic shed must be closed with a small shed or doors and windows, so as to improve the air temperature and promote the absorption of the drug. Do not water within 1 day after application to avoid reducing the efficacy. When applying medicine at noon, because of the strong sunshine, high temperature, fast evaporation of water, and the time to absorb the liquid medicine, it is easy to cause drug damage, so it cannot be used. If the seedlings do not appear to be overgrown, try not to use chlormequat treatment. Even if the seedlings are overgrown, the number of times should not exceed 2.

Application of plant regulator in wheat

The application of plant growth regulators in wheat can regulate the growth and development of the plant, which has multiple effects such as controlling the growth and promoting the strength, enhancing the resistance, increasing the grain weight, improving the yield, and benefiting the quality and early maturity.CCM: For wheat fields with large population and vigorous growth, spraying 0.15 ～ 0.3% CCM solution 50 ～ 75 kg per mu at the early stage of jointing can effectively inhibit the elongation of internodes, make the plant dwarf and the stem base rough and hard, thus preventing lodging; If mixed with 2,4-D butyl ester, it can also control broadleaf weeds in wheat field.Zootropin: at the jointing stage of wheat, 15~20 ml of Zootropin per mu and 50~60 kg of water are sprayed on the leaf, which can inhibit internode elongation, prevent late lodging, and increase yield by 10~20%.Petroleum promoter: petroleum promoter is a plant growth stimulant, and its main component is sodium naphthenate. During the period from flowering to filling of wheat, spraying 50 kg of 1000 times of petroleum promoter solution per mu can prevent dry and hot wind, increase the weight of 1000 grains, and increase the average yield by 7.8%.Naphthylacetic acid: Before wheat filling, spray 50kg of 40ppm naphthylacetic acid solution per mu, which can increase 1000-grain weight.Fulvic acid: at the booting stage of wheat, 50g of drought resistant agent No. 1 is used per mu, and 2.5~10kg of water is added. After fully dissolved, ultra-low amount of spray can reduce the opening angle of stomata on leaves, improve plant water potential, reduce transpiration intensity, enhance root activity, delay leaf senescence, and increase the average yield by 16.6%.Gibberellin: spraying 10~50ppm gibberellin solution (40~50kg) per mu at the green stage of wheat can reduce the ineffective tillering at the later stage and improve the earing rate; At the jointing stage of wheat, spraying 40~50 kg of 40 ppm gibberellin solution per mu can increase the number of grains per ear and the weight of 1000 grains.Uniconazole: Uniconazole is a new and efficient plant growth regulator, and its biological activity is 6-10 times higher than that of paclobutrazol. Applying it on wheat can prevent plant lodging under high density, high fertilizer and water conditions, and can reduce sterile spikelets and increase 1000-grain weight; According to the test, the wheat with uniconazole increased by 15.4% on average compared with the control under the condition of no wind and no lodging. Application method: within one week before wheat jointing, spray 50 kg of 30-40 ppm uniconazole solution per mu.Plant cytokinin: at the jointing stage or full heading stage of wheat, 50g of plant cytokinin is mixed with 200-300kg of water, and then spray with conventional methods after mixing, which can promote the formation of chlorophyll and protein synthesis, enhance photosynthesis and stress resistance, and is conducive to early maturity and high yield.Phenoxyacetic acid: During the wheat filling period, spray 60ppm phenoxyacetic acid solution 25kg per mu, which can prevent dry and hot wind and increase the weight of 1000 grains.

Application of plant growth regulators on solanaceous vegetables

1) Gibberellin. When eggplant blooms, spraying leaves with 10-50 mg/L gibberellin once can promote fruit setting and increase yield; At the flowering stage of tomato, spraying 10-50 mg/L gibberellin once on the flower can promote fruit setting and prevent empty fruit.2) Chloramphenicol and oxytocin. In the 3-4 leaf stage of tomato seedlings, spraying 500 -- 600 mg/L of chlormequat can cultivate dwarf and strong seedlings and improve the rate of transplanting slow seedlings; And 0.3% chlormequat can be used for seed coating, which has a certain effect on the cultivation of strong tomato seedlings and the increase of stress resistance; At the seedling stage, after planting and the initial flowering stage of tomato, 100 -- 150mg/L of auxin can be sprayed on the whole plant, which can make the plant moderately dwarf, increase roots, promote early flowering and fruit, and improve cold resistance.3) Yiyiling. In the budding and flowering stage of tomato, spraying 20-30 mg/L Zengyin twice can prevent flower and fruit falling.4) Anti-colourin. Dipping or spraying 20-30 mg/L anti-coloughing agent into the flower or spraying at the full flowering stage of tomato has obvious effects on fruit preservation and yield increase, especially in the 3-5 flowers of inflorescence, the yield increase is obvious; Spraying 20 - 30 mg/L of anti-falling element at the flowering stage of eggplant can prevent flower falling and increase early yield; Spraying 20-30 mg/L of anti-collapsin at the initial flowering stage of pepper can protect flowers and fruits and increase yield.5)2，4-D。 Dipping or spraying 2,4-D20-30mg/L of tomato in flower can improve the fruit setting rate of tomato; The yield of eggplant can be increased by spraying or dipping flowers with 2,4-D25-50mg/L at flowering stage.6) Naphthoic acid. At the turn of spring and summer, when tomatoes are prone to fall in low temperature or high temperature season, 10-25 mg/L naphthoic acid can be used to spray flowers to prevent falling, and it is strictly prohibited to spray or spray on the growth point again; At the flowering stage of pepper, spraying with 50mg/L NAA can effectively increase the yield of pepper; Methyl naphthylacetate is sprayed on dry soil and paper scraps to make medicinal soil, and then mixed with potatoes. 200-300mg of 1kg potatoes can inhibit the sprouting of potato chips during storage.7) Ethrel. In order to make the tomato come into market early, when the tomato fruit is grown and white with yellow, 1000-2000mg/L ethephon can be sprayed on the plant or smeared on the tomato fruit, which can make the fruit mature early, or the green tomato can be picked off, soaked with 800-1000mg/L solution for about 1 min (min), and then taken out and placed at 20-25 ℃, which also has ripening effect.8) Than long. When the tomato leaves 1 and 4, spray 2500mg/L for one time respectively to inhibit the vegetative growth of tomato and promote fruit setting; At the early flowering stage of potato, spraying 3000 mg/L of water on the plant once can inhibit stem elongation and increase tuber growth.9) Green vegetable. At 14-21 days (days) before the potato harvest, 2000-3000 mg/L of cyanogen was sprayed on dry soil and paper scraps to make medicinal soil, and mixed with potato could inhibit the sprouting of potato chips during storage.10) Sodium nitrophenol. Potato tubers can be soaked in 6000 times of sodium nitrophenolate solution for 5 to 12 h (h), and then cut and seeded; Spraying 6000 times of sodium nitrite solution 1-2 times during tomato growth and bud stage is beneficial to plant growth.11) 5406 cytokinin. 30 days (days) after planting of eggplant, spray with 600 times of its liquid, once every 10 days (days), a total of 3 times, which can protect flowers, fruits, early ripening, and increase yield by about 30%; The tomato has been sprayed with 400-450 times of liquid since the fourth leaf, once every 10 days, a total of five times, which can protect flowers and fruits, increase yield by more than 25%, and also reduce leaf mold and mosaic; Before potato planting, soak the potato block with its 100-fold solution for 12h (h), and spray it with its 600-fold solution three times continuously during the growth period, which can increase the yield by more than 25%.

Use and precautions of some major plant growth regulators

Plant growth regulators are synthetic and extracted exogenous substances with physiological activity of plant hormones. Some of them can be moved in plants, such as clostridin, paclobutrazol, and others have poor mobility or cannot move, such as clopidomide, 6-benzylaminopurine, etc. According to the mode of action, plant growth regulators can be divided into three categories: plant growth promoters, plant growth retardants and plant growth inhibitors.At the appropriate concentration, plant growth promoters can promote plant cell division and elongation, differentiation and formation of new organs, and prevent fruit falling off.1、 The dosage forms of gibberellin (GA) include powder, soluble tablet, emulsifiable oil, paste, wettable powder, etc. Low toxicity, safe for people, livestock and bees.Application Now more than 70 kinds of gibberellins have been isolated from higher plants and microorganisms, and GA3, GA4 and GA7 have higher activity. Among them, GA3 has high activity in gibberellins and can significantly promote the growth of plant stems and leaves, especially for dwarf plants of genetic and physiological types; It can replace the light and low temperature conditions required for some seeds to germinate and promote seed germination; It can make long-day plants bloom under short-day conditions and shorten the growth cycle; It can induce flowering and parthenocarpy and promote fruit growth.be careful1. The water solubility of pure gibberellin is low, and 85% or 75% crystalline powder is dissolved with a small amount of alcohol before use, and then diluted with water to the required concentration.2. Gibberellin is not easy to decompose in dry state, and the agent should be stored in a dry place. When the water solution is above 5 ℃, it is easy to be damaged. It is easy to decompose in case of alkali, and cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides or fertilizers. It should be prepared and used as soon as possible.3. It is more beneficial to form strong seedlings when combined with foliar fertilizer. Single use or excessive use will produce side effects such as thin and thin plants and inhibition of rooting.2、 PCPA (4-CPA, PCPA) is also known as p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. The dosage forms include water and soluble powder. Low toxicity to people and animals.As an endogenous plant growth regulator, it can be absorbed by roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and its biological activity lasts for a long time. It has the functions of promoting growth, preventing the formation of separation layer, promoting fruit setting and inducing parthenocarpy.be careful1. The application concentration is related to the high and low temperature. The low temperature will reduce the water volume, while the high temperature will decrease the water volume.2. This product is sensitive to tender shoots and young leaves of seedlings. The concentration should be strictly controlled when spraying, and repeated spraying is not allowed. Spray in the morning and evening on sunny days to avoid drug damage. In case of drug damage, strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water.3. The mixture of anti-colourin and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate has synergistic effect.3、 The 2,4-drop (2,4-D) dosage form includes salt powder and water, with moderate toxicity.The application of 2,4-D has the effect of low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition. When the concentration is between 2 mg and 20 mg/kg, it can promote cell elongation and stimulate growth; Promote root development; Promote germination and maintain top advantage. When the concentration is higher than 100 mg/kg, it can selectively kill dicotyledonous plants or hinder the growth of plants.be careful1. It is a herbicide at a large dose. The first use should be conducted in a small area.2. When it is used to promote rooting, it can be mixed with indobutyric acid to improve the effect.4、 The dosage form of indobutyric acid (IBA) is mostly powder. It is non-toxic to humans and animals and easy to degrade in soil.It is widely used in production as rooting agent, which can promote rooting of cuttings, induce the formation of adventitious roots, and improve the survival rate of transplanting. Because it is not easy to move, dip and soak the insert. It is often mixed with naphthylacetic acid for use. The former increases the number of adventitious roots, and the latter promotes the growth of roots.be careful1. When handling cuttings, do not stain the leaves and heart leaves.2. Indobutyric acid is easy to decompose when exposed to light, and needs black packaging, and should not be stored for a long time.5、 Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) is mostly water and powder. It is low toxic to humans and animals, and non-toxic to bees.The application of rooting promotion can improve the survival rate of transplanting. It is not afraid of light and heat. It is not easy to be degraded after being absorbed by plants, and the drug property is mild. It will not produce the drug damage that is easy to occur when 2,4-D promotes roots. The promoted roots are thick and straight, but the amount is small, and the effect is better when combined with indobutyric acid. Low concentrations inhibit the formation of the ionosphere, while high concentrations promote the formation of the ionosphere.be careful1. Naphthylacetic acid raw powder is difficult to dissolve in cold water. It can be dissolved with a small amount of alcohol and then diluted with water.2. It has good effect on rooting of cuttings, but higher concentration alone has the side effect of inhibiting the growth of aboveground branches.6、 Ethephon is also known as Yitrialing and ethephon. The dosage forms include water and wettable powder. Low toxicity to people and animals.When applied into plants, ethylene can be released under the action of cell fluid. It can promote fruit ripening, induce male sterility, reduce apical dominance, increase effective tillers, dwarf plants, and prevent lodging.be careful1. Ethephon is stable in the solution with pH<3.5. When the pH is above 4.5, it will decompose and release ethylene. The higher the pH is, the faster the release is. Therefore, it cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides or fertilizers.2. Ethenol stock solution is a strong acidic liquid, which has irritating and corrosive effects on skin, mucous membrane and eyes. It will produce flammable and explosive gas in case of alkali, so it should be used carefully.7、 Triacontanol is also known as propolis alcohol and wax alcohol. There are emulsions, water emulsions, wettable powders, etc. Natural products are non-toxic to humans, animals and animals.Broad-spectrum plant growth regulators can be absorbed by plant stems and leaves. High concentration has inhibitory effect, while low concentration has promoting effect. It can promote seed germination and rooting, and enhance the cold resistance of dryland crops; Increase the content of chlorophyll, enhance the intensity of photosynthesis, and cultivate robust plants; Promote cutting and rooting. Soaking cuttings with 1 mg to 5 mg/kg triacontanol solution for 8 to 12 hours can significantly promote rooting and improve the survival rate of cuttings.be careful1. Try to use it in the afternoon on a sunny day. The appropriate temperature is 20 ℃ to 25 ℃. Do not use it if it is above 30 ℃ or below 10 ℃. In case of rain within 6 hours after spraying, the spraying shall be reduced by half and supplemented once.2. Strictly control the dosage to avoid drug damage.3. The triacontanol sold on the market may have precipitates or crystals. Shake it well or warm it with hot water until it is completely dissolved before use, so as to avoid drug damage caused by excessive local concentration.8、 Benzaminopurine (BAP) is safe for human and livestock because of its solvable, emulsion, emulsifiable oil and other dosage forms.The application can be absorbed by the stems, leaves, fruits, buds and flowers of plants to promote cell division and enlargement. Break the top advantage and promote the lateral bud germination.Note 1. When used to protect flowers and fruits and increase the weight of single fruit, it has synergistic effect with gibberellin.9、 Sodium nitrophenolate is mostly water and soluble powder, which is low toxic to human, livestock and fish.Applying seed treatment can improve germination rate and promote rooting. Seedling treatment can shorten the slow seedling stage of transplanting and improve the survival rate of transplanting. When plants encounter drought, low temperature, diseases and insect pests and drug damage, spraying or irrigation with sodium nitrophenol solution can enhance the resistance of the affected plants.be careful1. The dosage should be strictly controlled and should not be used at high concentration.2. It can be mixed with bactericide and fertilizer to enhance efficiency.3. Because of its strong alkalinity, it should be tested on a small scale before being mixed with acid pesticides or fertilizers.10、 The dosage forms of DA-6 include soluble powder and water, and are low toxic to humans and animals.It can improve the photosynthesis rate, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of plants, enhance the absorption of water and fertilizer by plants, and regulate the water balance in plants, so as to improve the drought and cold resistance of plants.be careful1. It is easy to decompose in case of alkali and cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers.2. Do not spray in the hot sun. The spraying effect is better after 4pm. If it rains 6 hours after spraying, the spray shall be reduced by half. It should not be used too frequently, and the interval should be at least one week.Plant growth retarderPlant growth retardants can shorten plant internodes, induce dwarfing and promote flowering, but they have relatively no effect on leaf size, leaf number, node number and apical dominance.1、 CCC is also known as triclosan and chlorocholine chloride. The dosage forms mainly include water and soluble powder, which are low toxic to humans and animals and harmless to bees.Application inhibits cell elongation and growth by inhibiting the biosynthesis of endogenous gibberellin, but does not inhibit cell division. Generally, foliar spraying is used, with the concentration of 1000 mg to 3000 mg/kg.be careful1. The activity will decrease under high temperature, so the concentration or the number of times of application should be appropriately increased. The seedlings with the tendency of overgrowth have better effect, and the plants with weak growth are not suitable for use.2. Chlormethrin is easily soluble in water, has strong hygroscopicity, and can be decomposed in case of alkali. It cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers.3. Chlormethrin is easy to be decomposed by soil microorganisms. When soil application or irrigation is adopted, it often only plays half of its activity in the soil, so the effect of soil application is not good.4. Spraying on the leaves can easily cause temporary yellow spots on the tip of leaves, especially for ornamental seedlings. This problem can be solved by reducing the concentration and reusing.2、 Melamine is also known as prozotocin, regulatory pyridine, methylpyridine, etc. The dosage forms include soluble powder, water, emulsion, etc., which are harmless to humans and animals, and have no irritating effect on eyes and skin.It is easy to conduct when applied in plants and can inhibit the formation of gibberellin, thus inhibiting the elongation of plant cells and weakening the apical advantage.be careful1. Strictly control the time and dosage of the drug. If the drug is used too early or too heavily, it will affect the normal growth of plants and even cause drug damage. In case of excessive inhibition, 100 mg to 500 mg/kg gibberellin solution can be sprayed according to the severity of the occurrence to reduce or remove the drug damage.2. Melamine is easy to dissolve in water and decompose in case of moisture. It should be prepared and used immediately. The prepared solution should not be kept for a long time. The unopened finished products shall be stored in a dry, cool and ventilated place.3、 PP333 is also known as Clonidazole. The dosage forms include suspending agent, emulsifiable oil, wettable powder, etc., which are low toxic to humans, livestock, fish and birds.The application enters the plant body through roots, stems and leaves, and absorbs quickly with tender shoots and tip. It can inhibit the apical dominance, promote the growth of lateral buds, facilitate the formation of short fruit branches, and make the tree dwarf and compact. Suppress stem elongation, shorten internode and reduce lodging. At the same time, it can also promote tillering, increase the diameter of roots, the number of lateral roots and absorbed roots, enhance photosynthesis, and have antibacterial and bactericidal activities against some pathogenic fungi such as white rot, bacterial wilt, sheath blight, etc.be careful1. The dwarfing effect is significantly stronger than that of chlormequat, and it can be significantly effective once or twice, but excessive application will cause the plant to stop growing.2. After application, the leaf color of the plant becomes significantly darker, which is easy to cause the illusion of sufficient fertilizer and water. Therefore, after application, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and add nitrogen and potassium fertilizer to prevent premature senescence of branches and leaves. The plant should not be used due to poor growth.3. Under high temperature and high humidity, the concentration or frequency of medication can be appropriately increased.4. The residual period of paclobutrazol in the soil is long. When the application plot is used again, it should be ploughed to avoid inhibiting the subsequent crop.5. In case of excessive use, the plant can be restored by applying urea or gibberellin.