Peanut is also known as groundnut, long-fruit, long-fruit, golden peanut, ground bean, Chinese bean, etc. Peanut is an annual herb belonging to the butterfly-shaped flower family. It is native to South America. There are more than 100 countries cultivating peanuts in the world, and it is common in Asia, followed by Africa. Nowadays, it is planted all over the country, mainly in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other regions. Taking the northern summer peanut as an example, the peanut plant protection management work from pre-sowing to harvest in each month will be listed by month.

1、 Pre-show preparation period

1. Field management indicators: site selection, fertilization, seed selection and seed treatment

(1) Site selection

Try not to repeat. After the harvest of the previous crop, the stubble shall be shallowly ploughed and removed in time, generally 10-17cm, raked and ridged for planting, and the quick-acting fertilizer shall be applied in time after the emergence of seedlings. For intercropping peanuts on the wheat ridge, deep ploughing and fine raking shall be conducted before wheat sowing, and deep ploughing shall be more than 26 cm, and organic fertilizer shall be applied. Generally, the ridge height is 17 cm, the ridge distance is 33-40 cm, and each row is sown. Sow as you rise to prevent moisture from affecting seedling emergence.

(2) Apply sufficient basic fertilizer

The application amount of peanut base fertilizer should generally account for 70% - 80% of the total amount of fertilizer, mainly composed of decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with superphosphate, potassium chloride, lime and other inorganic fertilizers. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of base fertilizer can be applied at the ratio of 1:1:2.

(3) Selected seeds

Before sowing, select seeds, remove unqualified seeds such as diseased seeds, loquat seeds and rotten seeds, and select sunny days to sun seeds for 1-2 days.

(4) Seed coating and chemical seed dressing

The main control targets are root and stem base diseases, such as crown rot, root rot, stem rot and cyst nematode. Pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests such as squid, white grub and golden needle worm. The seeds can be mixed with fungicides, pesticides and plant growth regulators or coated with seeds.

2. Chemical weeding

Spraying pre-bud herbicide on the ground after sowing and before emergence of peanut can effectively control weeds.

2、 Seed germination and seedling stage

From sowing to 50% of the seedlings are unearthed and the first true leaf is unfolded, which is the seedling stage for seed germination.

1. Field management indicators

In cultivation, it is required to sow the whole seedlings at one time, and the seedlings should be even.

2. Main cultivation technical measures

Timely clear the trees or break the film to release the seedlings, check and reseed the seedlings, and prevent the frost damage. In combination with the weather conditions, each mu can be equipped with the application of polyphenols, prochloraz DA-6, s-inducer and other regulators to enhance the resistance and cultivate strong seedlings.

3、 Seedling stage

From the seedling stage to 50% of the first flower of the plant opens at the seedling stage.

1. Field management indicators

Preserve seedlings, promote roots and strong seedlings, promote early flowering and multiple flowers, strive for multiple nodes and dense branches, and lay the foundation for high yield.

2. Main cultivation technical measures

(1) Fertilization: the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients is not much at seedling stage, but at the seedling stage, due to the obvious acceleration of plant growth, the nutrients brought by the seeds have been basically exhausted, and the root nodules have not yet formed. Therefore, proper application of N and P at seedling stage can promote the development of nodule, facilitate nitrogen fixation of rhizobium, significantly promote the number of flower bud differentiation, and increase the number of effective flowers. It is suggested that at this time, in combination with the law of peanut fertilizer demand, calcium nitrate and potassium dinitrophosphate should be sprayed on the leaves, and one or two regulators such as sodium nitrophenolate, prochloraz DA-6, brassinolide, triacontanol, chlormequat, and paracetamol should be selected to promote root and leaf growth and cultivate strong seedlings.

(2) Pest and disease management: The main prevention and control disease in this period is leaf spot disease. Each mu is sprayed with fungicides such as mancozeb or prochloraz manganese salt, combined with regulators such as sodium nitrophenolate, to improve the efficacy and restore the seedling vigor. The pest control is aphid, which can be spray with imidacloprid, nitenpyram, etc

4、 Flowering and needling stage

The flowering and needle setting period is from the beginning of flowering to the emergence of chicken head shaped young fruit in 50% of plants.

1. Field management indicators

Promote early flowering and more flowers, strive for multiple nodes and dense branches, and lay the foundation for high yield.

2. Main cultivation technical measures

(1) Fertilization management: The absorption of N, P and K is about 23-33% of the total absorption. At this time, a large number of nodules are formed, which can provide more and more nitrogen for peanuts. It is suggested that potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer should be applied on the leaves to supplement the nutrient needs of fertilizer deficiency during this period.

(2) Pest and disease management: disease management should continue to focus on preventing leaf spot and peanut rust. Spraying fluosilazole or prochloraz manganese salt per mu, combined with spraying sodium nitrophenolate or prochloraz, and spraying once every 7 to 10 days will have better effect. At the same time, due to the rise of temperature, attention should be paid to the prevention of peanut dwarf virus disease, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids in planting. If a virus disease hazard is found, it can be effectively prevented and reduced by combining with aphid control and spraying nitrosamoline guanidine and other anti-virus agents per mu.

5、 Podding stage

The podding stage is from the appearance of young fruit to the appearance of full fruit in 50% of plants.

1. Field management indicators

Control flourishing, resist lodging, prevent leaf disease, spray boron outside the root, increase fruit weight, and improve fruit bearing rate and full fruit rate.

2. Main cultivation technical measures

(1) Fertilization management: nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed in this period account for about 50% of the total amount of the whole growth period. Ensuring the supply of calcium in this period can improve the rate of full fruit; Ensuring the supply of phosphorus can improve the oil content of seeds. Calcium nitrate and boric acid can be sprayed on the leaves, and the use of fresh amine ester can promote the root and fruit expansion, and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. At the same time, it is necessary to choose to use calcium cyclamate, paclobutrazol and other regulators to control overgrowth.

(2) Pest and disease management: the main control diseases in the pod stage are leaf spot and rust. At this time, attention should be paid to continue spraying fluosilazole or prochloraz manganese salt in combination with foliar fertilizer per mu. In addition, the wheat stubble peanut is in the high temperature rainy season, and the peanut bacterial wilt is very easy to occur after the heavy rain. At this time, attention should be paid to spraying agricultural streptomycin and other chemicals to prevent the occurrence of bacterial diseases. In the area with serious underground pests, 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40% methyl isocarbophos emulsifiable concentrate mixed with fine soil can be used to make toxic soil per mu. Before plowing, evenly spread the ground and plough it into the soil. The effect of using phoxim or methyl isocarbophos microcapsules is better.

6、 Full fruit maturity

The period from 50% of the plants to most of the pods is full fruit maturity.

1. Field management indicators

Protect functional leaves, prevent lodging, prevent premature aging, spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote the transfer of stem and leaf nutrients to pods, improve the content, and increase fruit weight.

2. Main cultivation technical measures

(1) Fertilization management: the water consumption and fertilizer demand in the second full fruit period decreased. If there is no compensation capacity in case of drought, the full fruit period will be shortened and the yield will be reduced. At this time, attention should be paid to spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in combination with leaf surface, and spraying sodium compound nitrate, DA-6, 6-BA and other regulators at the same time to improve leaf function, accelerate the conversion of carbohydrates into fat, and prevent physiological defoliation of leaves.

(2) Pest and disease management: the ripening stage of full fruit is the late stage of peanut growth, at which time the number of leaf spot and rust sources has accumulated to a large value, and the control agent is mainly to reduce the number of spores. It is better to spray manganese zinc oxysporin or prochloraz manganese salt per mu, combined with growth regulators such as sodium nitrophenolate or prochloraz.

7、 Proper harvest and storage with shell

1. Proper harvest

(1) According to plant growth;

(2) According to the full fruit rate: 80%;

(3) According to the change of temperature or the requirements of peanut post-planting.

2. Storage with shell

The safe storage moisture content of pods is 10%.