Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. China is the country with the largest rice planting area in the world, accounting for about 1/4 of the national grain crops with an annual area of 30 million hectares, while the yield accounts for more than 40%. The country is divided into six rice regions: South China humid and hot double-cropping rice region, Central China humid single-cropping rice region, double-cropping rice region, North China semi-humid single-cropping rice region, Northeast semi-humid early-maturing single-cropping rice region, Northwest dry single-cropping rice region, and Southwest Plateau humid single-cropping rice region. Taking the northern single-season rice region as an example, the rice plant protection management work from the pre-sowing to the harvest months will be listed on a monthly basis.

1、 April: pre-broadcast preparation period

1. Key points of management: whole field, base fertilizer and seed selection

(1) Selection of seedling breeding land: generally select the fields with convenient transportation, flat terrain, leeward and sunny, convenient irrigation, convenient management, close to the Honda, good permeability, organic content above 1.5%, pH below 7.5, and low salt content.

(2) Seedling production: plough, sit on the bed, and fertilize the seedling field.

(3) Seed selection and seed drying: select disease-resistant and high-yield varieties suitable for the site. The seeds are exposed to the sun before sowing, which can kill some of the germs carried by the seeds and improve the seed germination rate.

2. Pest control

This period is mainly to prevent soil-borne diseases.

2、 May: seedling cultivation period

1. Key points of management

(1) Seed treatment: Before sowing, treat rice seeds with plant growth regulator, which can stimulate the seeds to enhance metabolism, promote germination and rooting, improve germination rate and germination potential, and lay a good foundation for cultivating strong seedlings. The regulators available in this period include gibberellin, sodium dinitrophenol, triacontanol, cytokinin, sodium naphthylacetate, etc.

(2) Strengthen water and fertilizer management.

2. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

The main control objects in this period are rice seedling rot, bacterial leaf blight and stripe leaf blight.

3、 June: transplanting period

1. Key points of management: whole field, fertilization, green, water and fertilizer management

(1) Reasonable fertilization, promote balanced fertilization, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium and silicon fertilizer, and avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer;

(2) Fine soil preparation, combined with fertilization and use of regulators to improve the transplanting quality and ensure early growth and rapid development of rice. The available regulators in this period include: sodium nitrophenolate, brassinolide, sodium naphthylacetate, potassium indobutyrate, etc;

2. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

The main control objects in this period include rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis, rice budworm, rice leaf roller and weeds in rice fields.

4、 July: from tillering stage to young spike development stage

1. Key management points: promote tillering, control lodging, water and fertilizer management

(1) Strengthen water and fertilizer management, apply fertilizer reasonably and avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer;

(2) Use plant growth regulators to promote tillering and control overgrowth and lodging. The available regulators in this period include calcium cyclamate, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole.

2. Pest control

The main control objects in this period include sheath blight, rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, rice borer, rice bract, thrips, rice leafhopper, etc.

5、 August: booting to heading

1. Key points of management

The use of plant growth regulators, combined with fertilizers, can improve the growth advantage, with more spikelets, larger panicles, more and plump grains. The plant growth regulators available in this period include gibberellin, triacontanol, brassinolide, etc.

2 Pest control

The main control objects in this period include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice borer, leafhopper, rice planthopper, etc.

6、 September: grouting and fruiting period

1. Key points of management

Use plant growth regulators, combined with nutrient elements, to accelerate filling, reduce empty shells and blighted grains, so that the filling is sufficient, the grain is full, the 1000-grain weight is increased, and ripens ahead of time. The plant growth regulators available at this stage include DA-6, cytokinin, brassinolide, triacontanol, sodium naphthylacetate, s-inducer, etc.

2. Pest control

The main control objects in this period include rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, rice leaf roller, rice budworm, rice stem borer, brown planthopper, etc.

7、 October: harvest period

Key management points: ripening and drying, real-time harvesting, and safe storage

(1) Ripening and drying

Apply plant growth regulator 5 days before harvest to promote ripening and drying. The available modifiers are Diquat and Ethephon.

(2) Safe storage

In the fields where rice blast, rice bacterial blight and rice false smut occur, the rice shall be harvested separately and cannot be used as seeds. The diseased rice straw shall be stacked separately.